1st Bac
Grammar
Unit 7: Grammar: Relative Clauses (جمل الوصل)
Relative clauses are used to join two sentences or to give more information about a
noun
(person, thing, place, or time). They make your English sound more natural and fluent.
Defining Clauses (جمل وصل تعريفية)
These give
essential
information. Without them, we don't know who or what we are talking about.
No commas used.
Non-Defining Clauses (جمل وصل إضافية)
These give
extra
information. The sentence still makes sense without them.
Always use commas (,).
Relative Pronouns & Their Uses
people
للعاقل
Who Used for people. "The girl who called me is my friend."
things and animals
لغير العاقل
Which Used for things and animals. "The book which I read was great."
both
للعاقل وغير العاقل
That Used for both (Defining clauses only). "The car that he bought is fast."
possession
للملكية
Whose Used for possession. "The man whose car was stolen is sad."
places
للمكان
Where Used for places. "The city where I live is beautiful."
time
للزمان
When Used for time. "I remember the day when we met."
The "Omission" Rule (Level B1)
In
Defining Clauses
, you can often leave out
*who, which,*
or
*that*
if it is followed by a Subject + Verb.
Example: "The movie
(that)
I watched was boring." (You can drop 'that').
Example: "The man
who
lives there is nice." (You
cannot
drop 'who' because it acts as the subject).
Exam Success Tip
When joining two sentences:
1. Look for the
repeated noun
(e.g., 'The house' and 'It').
2. Replace the second noun with the
relative pronoun
.
3. Place the pronoun immediately after the
first noun
.
*Important: Never use 'that' in a non-defining clause (after a comma)!*
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