1st Bac
Grammar
Unit 9: Grammar: Second Conditional & Reported Speech (الشرط الثاني والكلام المنقول)
This lesson covers two essential structures: the
Second Conditional
for imagining unreal situations, and
Reported Speech
for telling others what someone said.
Second Conditional
The "Dreaming" tense. Used for
unreal
or
imaginary
present situations.
*"If I were rich, I would buy a boat."*
Reported Speech
Telling what someone said. We move the tenses
backwards
.
*"I am tired" He said he was tired.*
Second Conditional: The "Unreal" If (الشرط النوع الثاني: التخيلي)
`If + Past Simple , ... Would + Verb (base)`
Second Conditional: The "Unreal" If (الشرط النوع الثاني: التخيلي)
Imaginary Situation
"If I won the lottery, I would travel the world."
Giving Advice
"If I were you, I would study every day."
Reported Speech: The "Backshift" (الكلام المنقول: تغيير الزمن)
Tense Backshift
Time Words Change
- am / is / are was / were
- will would
- can could
- Present Simple Past Simple
- Now Then
- Today That day
- Tomorrow The next day
- Yesterday The day before
Full Examples
Direct:
"I
like
pizza."
Reported:
He said that he
liked
pizza.
Direct:
"I
will
call you
today
."
Reported:
She said she
would
call me
that day
.
National Exam Key
Two common exam traps:
1. In Second Conditional, we usually use
"were"
for all subjects (even "I", "He", "She"). Example:
*"If she were here..."*
2. When reporting speech, don't forget to change
Pronouns
. If Ali says "
I
am happy", when you report it, Ali becomes "
He
":
*"Ali said he was happy."*
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