2nd Bac
Grammar
Unit 1: Grammar: Gerunds and Infinitives
Gerund (-ing) (اسم الفعل / المصدر المؤول)
- As subject (كفاعل): "Swimming is fun."
- After prepositions (بعد حروف الجر): "She is good at drawing."
- After phrasal verbs (بعد الأفعال المركبة): "He gave up smoking."
- After certain verbs (بعد أفعال محددة): enjoy, avoid, suggest, recommend, finish, keep, mind, practice. *"I enjoy reading books."*
- After possessives/pronouns (بعد ضمائر الملكية): "I appreciate your helping me."
Infinitive (to + verb) (المصدر الصريح)
- Expressing purpose (للتعبير عن الغرض): "She studies hard to pass the exam."
- After adjectives (بعد الصفات): "It’s easy to learn Spanish."
- After certain verbs (بعد أفعال محددة): want, decide, plan, hope, promise, agree, refuse, expect, manage. *"They decided to stay at home."*
- After question words (بعد أدوات الاستفهام): "I don’t know what to do."
- After too/enough (بعد too/enough): "He is old enough to drive."
Verbs with Changing Meaning (أفعال يتغير معناها حسب التكملة)
Stop:
"He stopped
smoking
." (quit / أقلع) vs. "He stopped
to smoke
." (paused to have a cigarette / توقف ليدخن).
Remember:
"I remember
locking
the door." (past memory / تذكر فعل ماضي) vs. "Remember
to lock
the door." (future reminder / تذكير بفعل مستقبلي).
Try:
"Try
to open
the door." (make an effort / بذل جهد) vs. "Try
opening
the window." (experiment/suggestion / تجربة واقتراح).
Regret:
"I regret
telling
the truth." (past action / ندم على فعل ماضٍ) vs. "I regret
to tell
you this news." (present/future announcement / أسف لإعلان خبر).
Verbs Followed by Both (Same Meaning) (أفعال تقبل الاثنين بنفس المعنى)
Some verbs can take either gerund or infinitive with little or no change in meaning:
begin, start, continue, like, love, hate, prefer.
- "I like reading." = "I like to read."
- "She started crying." = "She started to cry."
Key Notes & Expressions (ملاحظات وتعبيرات أساسية)
- Gerunds act like nouns (أسماء الأفعال تعمل كأسماء): "Running is healthy."
- Infinitives express purpose/intention (المصادر تعبر عن الغرض/النية): "I want to learn."
- After modal verbs → bare infinitive (بعد الأفعال الناقصة يأتي المصدر المجرد): can go, should do, must see.
- Gerund Expressions: it’s no use…, can’t help…, can’t stand…, there’s no point in…
- Infinitive Expressions: in order to…, so as to…, would like to…, had better (bare infinitive).
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