2nd Bac
Functions
Unit 9: Functions: Expressing Certainty and Uncertainty
Expressing Certainty (التعبير عن اليقين)
Strong / Formal
قوي / رسمي
"I'm absolutely convinced that..." "There's no shadow of a doubt that..." "It's a foregone conclusion that..."
Neutral / Informal
محايد / غير رسمي
"I'm positive that..." "I'm 100% sure." "It's definite."
Expressing Uncertainty (التعبير عن الشك / عدم اليقين)
Formal Hesitation
تردد رسمي
"I have some reservations about..." "It remains to be seen whether..." "I'm not in a position to say for sure."
Informal / Common
غير رسمي / شائع
"I'm in two minds about it." "I highly doubt that..." "Your guess is as good as mine."
Modals of Deduction (B2) (أفعال الاستنتاج)
High Certainty (+) (يقين عالي)
"He
must be
at home."
(I'm sure he is)
Uncertainty (?) (عدم يقين)
"He
might/may be
at home."
(Perhaps he is)
High Certainty (-) (يقين بالنفي)
"He
can't be
at home."
(I'm sure he isn't)
National Exam Key (مفتاح الامتحان الوطني)
Pay attention to
adverbs
in the prompt. If you see
*"Probably"*
or
*"Maybe"*
, use
Might/May
. If you see
*"I'm sure... not"*
, always use
Can't
. Never use "mustn't" for deduction!
(انتبه للظروف؛ استخدم Might مع الاحتمال و Can't مع النفي المؤكد، ولا تستخدم mustn't للاستنتاج)
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